| S1 | Qualification odds fall 21x when lead response goes from 5 min to 30 min; contact attempts after 20 h add nothing | Lead Response Management Study (InsideSales/MIT, Oldroyd) link | PRIMARY |
| S2 | Avg first response to a web lead 42 h; 23% of companies never respond; responding within 1 h = 7x more likely to qualify (2,241 US companies) | Harvard Business Review, "The Short Life of Online Sales Leads" (Oldroyd, McElheran, Elkington, 2011) link | PRIMARYPRIMARY (page fetched; figures from article) |
| S3 | Change orders average 10% of total contract value; up to 25% on some projects | Dodge Data & Analytics (cited by Rhumbix) link | SECONDARY |
| S4 | US construction loses ~$177B/yr to rework and delays | Dodge Data & Analytics (cited by Rhumbix, BuildCheck) link | SECONDARY |
| S5 | Change orders = 8–14% of total project cost; CO process itself causes 10–20% of schedule delay | Navigant Construction Forum (cited by Rhumbix, BuildCheck) link | SECONDARY |
| S6 | Rework = 5–9% of project cost | Construction Industry Institute (cited by Helonic) link | SECONDARY |
| S7 | Change-order mismanagement = 35% of cost overruns on projects under $20M | McKinsey Global Institute (cited by BuildCheck) link | SECONDARY |
| S8 | Figure withheld until a primary source is confirmed. | BuildCheck compilation link | SECONDARYSECONDARY, origin unclear — do not print until primary found |
| S9 | Typical commercial project 5–10% of contract value in COs; renovation 10–20%+ | Helonic benchmark link | SECONDARY |
| S10 | Avg 22 days from signed field T&M tag to priced COR submitted to the client; avg 26 more days to signed CO = ~48-day cycle | Dodge Construction Network x Clearstory, Specialty Contractor Change Order Report (2026 ed.) link | PRIMARYPRIMARY (publisher page) |
| S11 | 97% of specialty contractors sometimes start work before the CO is approved | Dodge Construction Network x Clearstory, Specialty Contractor Change Order Report (2026 ed.) link | PRIMARY |
| S12 | >50% of clients don't pay the full requested amount on >20% of COs; 66% cite disputed pricing; 91% of clients admit sometimes paying less than submitted | Dodge Construction Network x Clearstory, Specialty Contractor Change Order Report (2026 ed.) link | PRIMARY |
| S13 | 77% of specialty contractors have written off CO work as bad debt (done, billed, unrecoverable); 83% say CO process hurts cash flow | Dodge Construction Network x Clearstory, Specialty Contractor Change Order Report (2026 ed.) link | PRIMARY |
| S14 | Specialty contractors lose avg ~30% of project revenue to unbilled/unpaid COs | Dodge Construction Network (2022 Top Business Issues for Specialty Contractors) | SECONDARYSECONDARY (Gemini-cited; Procore IR page 404 on fetch) — pull primary PDF before printing |
| S15 | Laggard contractors formally approve <60% of COs before work starts | Dodge x Clearstory | SECONDARYSECONDARY — confirm in report |
| S16 | 35% of construction pro time (14.1 h/wk) on non-optimal activities: 5.5 h looking for data, 4.7 h conflict resolution, 3.9 h mistakes/rework; $177.5B/yr labor wasted; $31B rework from bad data/miscommunication; 48–52% of rework from poor data/communication | FMI x PlanGrid, "Construction Disconnected" (2018) link | SECONDARY → primary PDF: pg.plangrid.com/rs/572-JSV-775/images/Construction_Disconnected.pdfSECONDARY → primary PDF: pg.plangrid.com/rs/572-JSV-775/images/Construction_Disconnected.pdf |
| S17 | Slow payment costs US construction $299B/yr (2025), $280B (2024), $208B (2022); 82% of contractors see >30-day delays; ~30% of subs waited >90 days; clients lose ~65 h/mo on payment admin; 95% of clients float payments | Rabbet Construction Payments Report 2022/2024/2025 (2019 ed. with Procore) link | SECONDARY → primary: rabbet.com/reports/construction-payments-2025SECONDARY → primary: rabbet.com/reports/construction-payments-2025 |
| S18 | Avg contractor web-lead response 42–47 h; 78% of homeowners hire the first responder; 90–95% of contractors miss the 5-min window | Compilations citing HBR/MIT, HomeAdvisor, ServiceTitan, Jobber link | SECONDARYSECONDARY — "78% first responder" needs its primary before print |
| S19 | RFIs: avg $1,080 and ~8 staff-hours each; median 9.7 days to answer; 21.9% never answered; 9.9 RFIs per $1M of contract; 13–14% unnecessary | Navigant Construction Forum, "Impact & Control of RFIs on Construction Projects" | PRIMARY PDF available: cmaanet.org/.../Impact%20%26%20Control%20of%20RFIs%20on%20Construction%20Projects.pdfPRIMARY PDF available: cmaanet.org/.../Impact%20%26%20Control%20of%20RFIs%20on%20Construction%20Projects.pdf |